Apparatus for use in the treatment of sewage.



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V INVENTOR Patented Dec. 2, |902,

H. s. n.LoN. APPARATUS FUR USE IN THE TREATMENT 0F SEWAGE.

(Application led Oct. 15, 1901.)

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H. B. KlLLQN. APPARATUS FUR USE IN THE TREATMENT 0F SEWAGE.

- (Applieltitm lad. Oct. 15, 1901.)

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Nrrnn STATES? 7 NATENT FFICE.

HARRY BIRCH KILLCN, OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND. i

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TREATMENT OF. SEWAGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 714,801, datedDecember 2, 1902.

` Application filed October 15, 1901. Serial No. 78,706. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, HARRY BIRCH KILLON,

`civil engineer, a subject of the King of Great with Apparatus for Usein the Treatment of Sewage and Waste Waters, (for which I have madeapplication in Great Britain, No. 5,834, and dated March 20, 1901,) ofwhich the following is a specification.

My said invention relates to improvements in apparatus for use in and inconnection with the treatment of sewage and waste waters.

For the purification of sewage or other foul waters bacterialcontact-beds are employed. These beds are provided with boundary-wallsand impervious `iiooring and are filled with coke, clinkers, Vbrokenstone, or any other suitable material. Upon the innumerable surfaces ofthe filling material purifying bacteria are cultivated, the sewagecoming in contact with such bacteria as the sewagestands.

in or passes through the interstices of the bed. It is usual to employ aseries of beds and to pass the sewage into these serz'att'm. Each bed islilled in rotation and is then a1- lowed to stand full for a shortinterval before the eluent is drained away from it. The bed is nextallowed to stand empty, so that the oxygen of the air may come incontact with the bacterial agencies in the bed before it is againrefilled with sewage.

The object of my invention is to provide apparatus which will insure thecarrying ou of these operations automatically. It is well known thatsewage is highly corrosive in contact with metal, so that oftenapparatus which will be successful in pure water will after a time failto act in sewage or sewage effluent owing to the choking of'passages orthe deleterious action of the sewage on the controlling mechanism orparts'. It is therefore necessary that such apparatus shall be as simpleas possible and substantial in character, and where any pipes arerequisite for the passage of theliquid theseshall be, as faras possible,of glazed stoneware or other material having a vitreous surface. I

Under my invention I provide an apparatus in which both the period ofquiescent contact of the sewage in the bed and the period of theaeration of thebed are regulated by and are inversely as the volume ofincoming sewage. This prevents the overworking ofthe beds during rainyweather `and allows sufficient time for their drainageand aerationbetween each tilling.

By this invention a series comprising any number of beds of similar orvarying areas and capacities can be connected up ltogether and worked ina cycle. I may obtain secondary purification by similar contact in alower series of beds by utilizing the outlet of a primary bed as theinlet to a secondary bed.

A separate cycle would be established in the secondary beds in which theperiod of quiescent contact may be the same as in the primary bedsrelatively to the volume ot` incoming sewage per unit of time or may bereduced so that the period of aeration may be proportionately longer.

This invention also provides improved methods of effecting thoroughdrainage of the beds and of putting any bed out of the cycle of actionfor prolonged rest while the work is continued by the remainder.

It is in many cases most important that the minimum of fall shall takeplace in the liquid as between the invert of the inlet-sewer and` thesurface of the bacteria-bed. This is effected to the fullest possibleextent in this invention. y

To render my invention perfectly clear, I will now describe the sameminutely and with reference to the annexed three sheets of drawings.

In the said drawings on Sheet l', Figure lis a general plan of a portionof six bacteria-beds 1 2 34 5 6, it being assumed that these form partof a series of beds required to be used in a cycle. Less or more thansiX beds may constitute a series. The beds may be of any area and may beproportionate to the volume of sewage to be dealt with. On Sheet 2, Fig.2 is a sectional elevation of a closed cylindrical inlet-valve A,showing its connection to a lever E, fulcrumed at D, from the same armof which is also pendent a float lll1 and on the other arm of whichslides an adjustable counterweight W. The longer arm is guided in itsrise and fall bya fixed forked standard S, within which it moves and bywhich, to-

gether with a removable pin Sl, it can be fastened so as to maintain thevalve A closed. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a lat outletvalve O,with its regulating-float Y, fixed tov the valvespindle,and itsactuating-oat J, all of which are pendent from the lever E ful crumed atD( and guided by the forked standard SX. Fig. 4 illustrates a modifiedform of float J X, actuating an outlet-valve in chamber OX, suitable forgiving a reduced period of quiescent contact in a secondary bed placedadjacent to its primary bed and which also allows a longer relativeperiod Afor drainage of the bed than that shown at Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a`sectional elevation of an auxiliary drainage- -valve X, by which thecontinuous drainage of a bed is maintained until the inlet-valve A opensagain. Fig. 6 is a plan of the apparatus requiredin connection with onefirst contact-bed when it is desired to make the period of quiescentcontact in any bed nearly as long as that occupied by the filling of twoother beds of its series. By forming an outlet to bed 92L similar and ina similar position in bed 92 to the outlet in bed 9 second contact wouldbe given in bed 92 for a period about the same as that in bed 9. Fig. 7is a section through the outlet-valve and channels of bed 9. Fig. 8 is asection'through two manholes or access-.chambers N7 and N8, showingelevations of the valves placed on the connecting-pipe P9, as shown alsoin plan, Fig. 6. Fig. 9 shows a Hap-valve which might be inserted in thedivision-walls.

The different parts of the apparatus are indicated by differentcharacters.

When the part connected to a particular bed is indicated, the letter isfollowed by the number of the bed. A bed or chamber connected to it issaid to be full when liquid has risen in the bed to the same height asthe material in the body of the bed.

As shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, the beds are arranged so that the sewagefrom the common carrier G will commence to pass into any bed as soon asthe next bed of anterior number in the cycle is almost full. tinue toiiow in until the interstices of the bed are filled up. It will thenstand quiescent therein until the posterior bed next in 'order is almostfull, when the eii'luent will commence to pass out of the bed into acornmon culvert C under the sewage-carrier G, or into an adjacentsecondary bed for further purification, the surface level of whichsecondary bed would be just below the crest of the Weir RX, Fig. 7.

The inlet-valve A, Fig. 2, of any bed is opened by the effluent whichfills the floatchamber and buoys upthe fioat F, arranged therein.V Theeffiuent finds access to the float-chamber by the pipe P, through whichit afterward returns. Thus the fioat F is raised and lowered. as theeiiiuent iows into andifrorn the float-chamber. In the same manner theoutlet-valve O, Fig. 3, is opened by the buoyancy of the floatJ inliquid and It will conclosed by its weight in air. In each case most ofthe dead-weight of and on the `connected arm of the lever is neutralizedby the counterweight W or WX. From an inspection of Fig. l it will beseen that the chamber in which ioat F-say oat- F2-is pendent isconnected by means of the pipe p2 and the manhole N' to the bed 1. Oneor both walls of N are perforated, so that as the bed 1 fills withsewage the manhole N' and the pipe P2 and the chamber of float Fz alsofill to the same level, and when the liquid has nearly filled the bed1,-but before the fioat F2 is wholly immersed, its buoyancy will causeit to rise and open the valve A2. When the valve A2 is opened, sewagefinds its way into bed 2.

The chamber in which iioat J-say J2-is pendent is connected by means ofthe pipe B2 and the manhole M3 to the bed 3. The manhole M2, pipe B2,and the chamber of iioat J2 fill together as if they all formed part ofbed 3, and before the liquid quite fills the bed 3 the float J2 willrise and ropen valve O2. It will be obvious that when the sewageeffinent passes out of bed l it will'also pass out of the chamber of oatF2 by way of the afore-` said connections between them. Upon this takingplace the inlet-valve A2 falls and cuts off the supply of sewage pastthe said valve A2. In the same manner when the efiinent passes out ofbed 3 it will also pass out of the chamber of float J2, and theoutlet-Valve O2 will then fall.

With the beds arranged as shown in Fig. l and sewage constantly owinginto the carrier G one bed of the cycle will be lling while its anteriorin the cycle will be standing full and the anterior to the latter willbe emptying. All the other beds of the cycle will be standing empty saveone or more, which may be still draining off the remainder of the liquidwhich stood in them.

If the beds and their connections are arranged as shown in Figs. 6 and8, the above description will hold good, except that two beds instead ofone will be standing full.

If the first cycle of beds discharge their einent into a second cycle,the above description will hold good with respect to each cycle.

For the purpose of detailed description of the cycle of operationsassume bed 1 to be empty or nearly so, bed 2 to be emptying, bed 3 to bestanding full, bed 4 to be filling, while the remainder of the beds areempty. With the beds in this condition the inlet-valve A4 and theoutlet-valve O2 will be standing open. As soon as bed 4 has filled towithin a few inches of its full capacity the greater part of the ioatsF5 and J 3 will be immersed and will then exert an upward pressure uponthe lever-arms to which they are respectively connected, the pressurebeing sufficient to raise them, together with the valves A5 and O3. Thesliding counterweights W and WX, Figs. 2 and 3, are adjusted to such aposition upon their respective lever-arms that with a nor- IIO mal flowof sewage the valves A and O3, Fig.

1, will open atlabout the same time. `Both the valves A5 and O3 willcontinue to rise, owing to their buoyancy and because valve A4 is stillopen, admitting sewage to bed 4. At this point, however, thesewage-level in bed 3 is now falling rapidly, bringing down float F4, sothat valve A4 falls upon its seat and shuts off the sewage-supply. Thebed 4, by this time supplied, stands full, together with thefloat-chambers F5 and J 3. The presence of the requisite quantityofefliuent in the float-chambers F5 and J3 now causes the valves A5 andO3 to stand fully open. Valve O2 also is still partly open, allowingtime for bed 2 to drain, and it will not entirely close until bed 3 and.consequently the chamber of predetermined extent.

" The proper drainage of the beds is most important, and l make specialprovision for this. An`absolutely xed time period during which theoutlet-valve is open is not satisfactory, because the rate of flow ofthe sewage usually is not constant, andif in some cases it is constantafixed time involves the use of a small cock or tube which is liable tocorrode, and then it gives a' variable waterway. l therefore give arelative time for bed-drainage, de-

` pendent upon the time required to drain another bed-the next posteriorbed of the cycle-down to a certain level. For this purpose an elongatedoat J is used, Fig. 3, the base of which reaches below the aforesaid ilevel vand which, with the valve O and float Y,

is so balanced by the counterweight W that the immersion of a few inchesof its lower extremity will suffice to prevent the valve O fallinguponits seat. Whenever the valve O is held suspendedin such a manner,there `i full..

l valve is again opened.

would be no head of liquid above it to weight it down unless the bed ofwhich O was the outlet-valve commenced again to reill, in which case thevalve O would be carried down by the weight of water accumulating aboveit. The oatJ, however, is sufficiently large and exerts the necessaryleverage to raise the valve O, with the maximum hydrostatic head uponit, when the chamber of lioatJ is nearly When the outlet-valve chamberOX is situated adjacent to the chamber of float F, as in Fig. l, anauxiliary drainage-valve X, Fig. 5, may be employed, which may be keptso as to` allow a bed to drain until its inlet- Alongside the mainoutlet-valve O a smaller valve X of about four inchesdiameter isplaced,with a water.- way connected to the effluent channel CX. Thisauxiliary valve, as shown in Fig. 5, is

suspended from the shorter arm of a lever T,

pivoted at TX, to the longer arm of which one end of a chain isattached, the other end of the chain being connected to the longer armof the inlet-valve lever E. When said arm of lever E and the iloat farein their lowest position, `(valve A being closed,) a suihcient portionof the Weight of the chain is borne by the longer arm of the lever T tooverbalance the valve X and its connecting-rod, excepting when the valveX is weighted down by more than about three inches of hydraulicpressure. After the greater part of `the liquid in the connected bed hasbeen discharged through valve O the hydraulic pressure on valve Xis soreduced that it rises and allows of the drainage of the bed through it;but it falls on its seat again when the longer arm of lever F rises andbears up the necessary portion of the chain.

The upper and movable part of the valve A consists of a hollow chamberof less mean diameter than that of its lower circular or otherprojecting edge which forms the valveface proper. This hollow chambermaintains a more uniform load to be lifted by the float F,notwithstanding the varying head of sewage in the carrier G. When thevalve is open, the sewage exerts an upward pressure upon the under sideof the hollow chamber, tending to raise the valve to a heightproportionate to the head of sewage in the carrier. The buoyancy of thevalve A, however, will never be sufficient to preventits closing whenits float F is not buoyed up by liquid around it.

While an inlet Valve-say A4-is slowly closing, a larger or smallervolume of sewage will pass through it, proportionate to the head ofsewage in Gr. This, if much above or below the normal, will tend to overor under fill the bed 4. This variation of level would be very slight;but as it would affect the hydraulic head above the outlet-valve O4 (inother words, the load against which that valve has to be opened by thefloat J4) the oat Y is `added and is iixed to the spindle of valve O4 atthe normal high-Water level of the bed 4. The depth of the float Yisfully equal. to the maximum variation ever likely to occur in thehighwater level of the bed, so that at each filling Y will be partiallyimmersed. The liquid arising around it will be adding weight to and soretarding the opening of the valve O; but as the float Y is ofslightly-greater diameter than the valve O the buoyancy of Y will morethan neutralize the weight accumulating above valve O, so that the netresult will be that any excessive quantity of liquid in a bed will tendto slightly accelerate the IOO IIoY

opening of its outlet rather than the reverse,

and the under filling of a bed will have the opposite effect.

- If a very abnormal volume of sewage ever collected in the carrier G,due to an inflow of storm-water or other cause, the following means areprovided for accelerating the opening of the next valve in order, `aswell as for the wider opening of the valve then in usezl The side wallsof the carrier G- are built to thelevel, as shown, under the fulcrum D,Fig. 2, excepting a short length under and around each of the standards,as S, so that any overiowl from Gpasses into the chambers around thefloats F to F9, thence by way of the pipes P to P9 to their respectivebeds; but as in one case such bed-say 3-and float-chamber F4 would befull such overflow would tend to raise the ioat F4, and consequently theinlet-valve A4, or it already up to raise them still higher. also befilling from bed 4, and the sewage overflowing would head up around theoat F5 and accelerate its rising, so that the proper sequence of openingwould be maintained and no serious damage would result from theoverliow.

When it is desired to put any bed-say bed 3-out of the cycle of actionfor a lengthened period of rest, it will not be necessary to connectby-passes to the outlet-valve chambers, as OX, which would require inlarge works large pipes and valves to admit of the transfer of the wholecontents of a bed from one outlet-valve chamber to another, but simplyto connect the chamber of float F4 with bed 2 and the chamber of oat J2with bed 4.

The former is done, as shown in Fig. l,

by means of an additional stoneware pipe P3X, connecting the chamber ofiioat F3 with that of float J3, upon which a valve Q3 is placed, andthis, together with the pipes P3 B3, part of P4, andthe valve U4,complete the waterway between the manhole N2 and the chamber of floatF4. Likewise the pipe pX may be employed to convey liquid from bed 4 andmanhole N4 and valve Z4 to valve V2 and the chamber of the float J2.Therefore when it is required to omit the bed 3 from the cycle of bedsemployed certain work must be done by hand-Viz., the closing of the endof the pipe B2 by the valve L3 and of the pipe B3 by the valve L4 and ofthe pipe P4 by the valve H3 and the opening of the valves Q3, U4, V2,and Z4; also, the valve A3 must be kept closed by the insertion of thepin S* in the wall-standard S3 while the lever is depressed. The effectof the alteration to the valves described' will be that when next thebed 2 fills up the chamber of iioat F4 will also fill, and this willopen valve A4, while bed 3 continues to stand empty. As bed 4 fills thechamber of Iioat J2 will also fill, and 'this will open Valve O2.

It is desirable in some cases where double contact is given to reducethe period of quiescent contact in the secondary beds, leaving aproportionately longer period for theiraeration and drainage. This isreadily effected by forming the float, as JX, Fig. 4. Such a float mayactuate the outlet-valve of a secondary bed the inlet of which forms theoutlet of a primary bed. As will be seen from the drawings, the float JXis of less depth and of greater diameter, but reaches down to the Thechamber of float F would same effective levelas the lioat marked J, Fig.3, actuating the outlet-valve of the primary bed. The difference will beapparent by comparing Figs. 3 and 4. The oat J of Fig. 3 rises only whenits chamber is nearly full; but iioat JX, Fig. 4, would rise when itschamber was about half filled, the same water displacement having takenplace in the shorter time, due to the greater area of thefloat. Neitherlioat would, however, descend to its lowest position, and so close thevalve connected 'to it, until its chamber was nearly empty again.

In order to increase the period of quiescent contact relative to thetime occupied in filling a bed, the apparatus connected with any one bed(filled from a common carrier, such as G) would be as shown in Figs. 6and 8.

The beds 7, 8, 9, l0, and ll form part of a series of beds to be broughtinto use sert'cttz'm. The apparatus required for working bed 9 'only isshown. As bed 8 lills effluent from it passes into manhole N3 through ashort pipe in its wall, and entering the pipe P9 through the open valveK it enters the chamber or oat F9 and ultimately opens the valve A9 inthe manner already described. Valve A9 will remain open until thealternate anterior'bed 7 discharges its contents through itsoutletvalve. When this occurs, the flap-valve F V will open and allowthe contents of the pipe P9 and the chamber of float F9 to pass into themanhole N7 and the bed 7. To prevent it being immediately refilled fromthe bed 8, the at valve K is employed. ,This is closed by the ioat FX,connected to K by a lever and connecting-rod, as shown in Fig. 8. FXrises as the bed 9 lills and falls as 9 empties, suitable means beingprovided to prevent the ioat FX touching the solid material in the bed.The float FX is of sufficient weight in air to maintain the valve K openwhile bed 8 and the chamber of float F9 is filling, and also until bed 9is partly filled; but the ioat FX being buoyed up by the filling of bed9 closes valve K before the discharge of the chamber of iioat F9 throughpipe P9 and valve F V or of the bed 7 commences. Bed 8 will be empty, ornearly so, before bed 9 is discharged, thereby lowering the float- FXand opening the valve K. Thus it will be seen that the pipe P9 andchamber of oat F9 will always be Iilled through valve K and emptiedthrough valve F V. The bed 9 will stand full until bed 11 fills up andsuiiicient of its efliuent enters pipe L, manhole M11, pipe B9, and thechamber of float J9 to open the valve O9. By-passes can be connected toa series of such beds, as 9,; by such means as have already beendescribed, so that any bed may be put out of the cyclel when required.

Vibration of the valves A and O may be prevented by any well-knownprovision.

In order to drain off any superiiuous sewage which may obtain access toa bed and stand upon it above the material in the body of the bed whereit would not be in proper IOO IIO

`valves covering inlet and outlet ports, and a` supply-main G from`which liquid may pass continuously to one or other of the beds, eachinlet-valve of a bed being controlled by mech-` anism and a single floatwhich is free to rise` before immersion in liquid from a preceding bedthereby uncovering said inlet-port, and to fall as the liquid in saidpreceding bed subsides, and separate means for operating saidoutlet-ports, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a primarybed 1l and a secondary bed 9n with inlet-ports leading thereto, afloat-chamber adjacent to the secondary bed, a pipe connection wherebysaid float-chamber is filled on the filling of the primary bed,connections whereby the filling of saidfloat-chamber opens theinlet-valve of the secondary bed, and means for thoroughly draining saidbeds.

3. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a seriesof beds having valved inlets, of a supply-main from which liquid maypass continuously to one or other of the series, a ioat-chamber adjacentto each bed, a iioat in each chamber having a connected valve-operatinglever, a waterway therefrom to a preceding bed whereby the filling ofsaid preceding bed fills said floatchamber, raising the lioat andopening the valve by means of float-lever, a second floatchamberadjacent. to each bed having a pipe connection to a succeeding bed inthe series, a second float in said second [ioat-chamber, and anoutlet-port from each bed controlled by said second float.

4. In apparatus of the class described, a series of three or more bedsor chambers filled and emptied serctt'im, a supply-main G, aninlet-valve A to a bed, said valve being actuated by independentmechanism controlled bya float F in a chamber connected by a waterway Pto another bed in the series, so that as the said other bed fills thesaid iioat rises and opens the said valve, and as said other bedempties, the float falls and closes said inlet, in combination With anoutlet to each bed and means for operating said outlet.

5. In an apparatus of the class described, a series of three ormorepurification-beds, an open carrier G from Which sewage flowscontinuously to one or other of the beds, Waterways connecting said bedsand said carrier, a separate valve for controlling each Waterway, aseparate float ina chamber connected to a preceding bed for operatingsuch valve,

in combination with a hollow chamber connected to said valve tending toneutralize the hydraulic pressure on said valve when closed.

6. In apparatus of the class described, a series of four or morepurification-beds, each provided with separate inlet-valve A and outletO actuated respectively by mechanism from separate chambers connected byseparate waterways P and B to separate beds, in combination with meansfor putting any bed out of use .at any time, consisting of additionalwaterways PX, px, and hand-valves or stop-plates controlling all thesaid Waterways, and means for maintaining the inlet of the bed out ofuse closed, substantially as described.

7. In apparatus of the class described, a plurality of three or morebacteria-beds filled, standing full, and emptied, automatically and inrotation, an inlet A, and an outlet O, to each bed,in combination withmeansI by which any excess liquid in any bed, such as bed 9, mayoverflow to the next succeeding bed l0 then being also filled throughits ordinary inlet A, substantially as described.

8. In apparatus of the class described, a series of beds filled andemptied seridtt'm, each through a separate inlet A, and outlet-Valve Orespectively, the opening of said outletvalve being retarded by thehydraulic head above it, in combination with a float Y, counteractingthe retardation due to` part of said hydraulic head.

9. In apparatus of the class described, a series of beds filledScritti/im, an open channel or chamber G common to all the beds andcontaining inlets to said beds, in combination with float-chamber andoveroW-apertures from channel G leading into said iioat-chambers, theiioats therein being so connected to the said inlets, that any overflowfrom channel G tends to open one of the said inlets.

l0. In apparatus of the class described, a series of three or morepurification-beds, a supplymain G, means admitting liquid to each bed inrotation, in combination with an outlet-valve O to each bed, a float .lfor controlling each valve and of a depth approximately equal to that ofthe bed itself, a separate chamber for each fioat, a pipe from asucceeding bed for applying liquid to each separate chamber, so thatsaid outlet-valve will open when said succeeding bed is nearly full andwill close when it is nearly empty, and a lever EX and an adjustablecounter- Weight VX for counterbalancing the valve and iioat.

ll. In apparatus of the classdescribed, a series of beds required to befilled and emptied Scriatt'm, an inlet-valve A and a main outlet-valve Oto each bed, in combination with an auxiliary outlet-valve X closed byits own weight in air, a counterweight or chain T actuated by itsconnections to the inletvalve A, and opening said valve X by its weightin air.

12. In apparatus of the class described, a

'tied seriatzlm, anlinlet-Valve for each bed, and

an outlet-valve and means'whereby said outlet-Valve is actuatedseparately by the filling and emptying of preceding and succeeding beds,the outlet of each primary bed forming also the inlet of a secondary bed14. In apparatus of the class described, a series of three or morepreferably rectangular puriiication-beds, a supply-main, means admittingliquid to andy filling each bed in r0-v tation in combination with anoutlet-port to each bed, a float connected by independent mechanism to,and controlling said port, a chamber containing saidiioat, a waterwayand hand-Valves or.stopplates connecting said chamber to one orothersucceeding bed 'at will so vthat as said other bed fills, said portis opened, and as said other bed is discharged said port is slowlyclosed.

15. Inl apparatus of f the class described, a series of four or morebacteria-beds with inlet and outlet ports, means charging said bedsseratz'm, said means being actuated by liquid in a chamber from apreceding bed, in combination with a pipe P9 connecting said chamber totwo preceding beds, the Valve K v through which said chamber is filled,the iioat -l for actuating said Valve, and the valve F V through whichthe contents of said chamber are discharged.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

HARRY BIRCH KILLON.

'Witnessesr RICHARD WEBSTER IBBERSON, ALFRED YATEs.

